Description of symptoms and treatment of diencephalic syndrome

1. Over 1/3 of patients have AT fluctuations, usually the pressure being on the increase. With a prevalent violation of breathing function, patients often complain of suffocation. Respiratory rhythm disorders are also noted in the form of breathing slowing down and increasing . Often, gastrointestinal disorders prevail in the form of pain in the xiphoid area, discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, burping with air and bile, disruption of intestinal peristalsis, accelerated urge to defecate, sometimes diarrhea.

2. Hypothalamic syndrome with autonomic-visceral-vascular disorders. These disorders occur paroxysmally, in the form of crises. On the basis of the predominance of certain clinical symptoms, it is possible to distinguish a syndrome with a prevalent violation of the functions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory function  and  the gastrointestinal tract. With an prevalent violation of the functions of the cardiovascular system, the crisis begins most often with a heartbeat, which is followed by pain in the heart. Paroxysmal tachycardia and heart rhythm disorders in the form of extrasystole often occur.

3. Hypothalamic syndrome with thermoregulation disorder. There are pathological alterations of skin temperature, an increase in body temperature from subfebrile to febrile parameters. One important symptom of thermoregulation disorder is trembling or cold-like shivering. This condition is characterized differently by patients ("some kind of small trembling," "shaking like a fever," "convulsions in all organs"). In most patients, chills are accompanied by severe profuse (intense) sweating or frequent urination.

4. Hypothalamic syndrome with neuromuscular disorders. The most typical is general weakness. Patients characterize this condition as puberty limb mortification. There are crises with cataplexy phenomena - patients cannot stand or walk for some time. A significant place among neuromuscular disorders is taken by myasthenic phenomena that develop against the background of subfebrility, feelings of hunger and thirst, insomnia and unpleasant sensations in the heart. Myotonic and myatonic phenomenae can be detected much less often.

5. Hypothalamic syndrome with neurotrophic disorders. Obesity (less often acute weight loss), edema, which appear against the background of general weakness, thirst, headaches, chills-like tremor and hypothermia; often there is swelling of the face with the so-called malignant exophthalmos. Rashes accompanied by itching may occur.

6. Hypothalamic syndrome with neuroendocrine disorders. Isolated forms of endocrine dysfunction may be observed (for example, diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, etc.), but more often there is a violation of the function of several internal secretion glands. There is a suppression of the gonadotropic function of the anterior pituitary gland, which is manifested by amenorrhea or dysmenorrhea in women, a decrease in potency in men. Disorders of thyroid-stimulating function of the pituitary gland determine the clinical picture of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Clinical manifestations of impaired adrenocorticotropic function of the pituitary gland in some cases are dyspituitarism pubertal-youthful, Itsenko - Cushing's disease.

7. Hypothalamic syndrome with neuropsychiatric disorders. Asthenia, sleep disturbance, a decrease in the level of mental activity are noted. Various senestopathies appear in patients, perceptual deceptions easily arise, mainly in the type of elementary hypnagogic hallucinations, and a state of anxiety with unaccountable fears and fears. Some patients develop hypochondriac disorders, and sometimes delusional conditions.  

Treatment

In order to enhance the function of the sympathetic system, ascorbic acid, calcium preparations, vitamin B1 are prescribed, so as to suppress sympathetic activity - reserpine, ergotamine, antispasmodic drugs, ganglion blockers (pachycarpin, benzohexonium, pentamine). The tone of the parasympathetic system is regulated by anticholinergics (atropine and related drugs).Acephene, vitamin B12 are also recommended.

In the case of the predominance of sympathetic-adrenal pathology - pyrroxan is necessary. In autonomic and vascular disorders with clear and obvious astheno--neurotic manifestations, tranquilizers, antidepressants (amitriptyline, fluoracizin) are prescribed, psychotherapy plays a very large role. The method of acupuncture therapy is sometimes used.

Physiotherapy, therapeutic gymnastics are an integral part of the complex treatment of hypothalamic syndrome.

Psychotherapeutic treatment.

It differs from all the other types of therapy with high efficacy and long-term stable results. Repeated treatment provides a long-term recovery.